Which methods are commonly used in market research?

Surveys, interviews, and focus groups are foundational methods in market research, designed to gather insights and data directly from consumers. Surveys allow researchers to collect quantitative data by asking structured questions to a large participant pool, which can be statistically analyzed to understand trends and preferences. Interviews provide qualitative data through in-depth discussions with individuals, allowing for a deeper understanding of customer motivations and experiences. Focus groups, involving small groups of participants discussing a product or service, facilitate discussions that unveil consumer perceptions and reactions, providing nuanced insights that other methods might not capture.

The other options include valuable activities associated with market analysis or marketing strategy but do not directly emphasize the traditional methods used for gathering primary market research data. For example, marketing campaigns are strategic efforts designed to promote a product rather than gather data. Social media analysis can provide insights into consumer behavior but typically falls under secondary research. Product testing and reviews focus more on assessing a product's performance rather than understanding market needs directly. Customer feedback and pricing strategies pertain to responding to market conditions rather than the initial data-gathering process of market research. Therefore, the methods in the correct choice represent the core techniques actively employed to understand market dynamics and consumer preferences.